My Beautiful Mind Essay

Living with Schizophrenia â€Å"The mind is for sure a lovely thing. It is the purpose behind our creativity, masterful innovation and possibly our humankind. What occurs anyway when the brain neutralizes us? When it fools us into accepting that what isn't genuine to be the real, devastating our feeling of being? † (Angelo) We see this played out firsthand in the life of John Forbes Nash Jr. in â€Å"A Beautiful Mind. † The movie was coordinated by Ron Howard and featured Russell Crowe, who plays John Nash, Paul Bettany, who plays Nash’s fanciful companion Charles, and Jennifer Connelly, who plays Nash’s spouse Alicia. The film â€Å"won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Supporting Actress. It was likewise selected for Best Leading Actor, Best Editing, Best Makeup, and Best Scoreâ€Å" (A Beautiful Mind). â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† â€Å"presents itself as a history of the fragile living creature and-blood John Nash. Also, indeed, it is extremely just a showy, wistful Hollywood film, roused by a couple of specific subtleties of the John Nash story. (Overstreet) This survey is exact in this depiction, chief Ron Howard conveys a splendid ace harmony however it isn't all reality. For example, John Nash never had visual visualizations and he separated from his significant other and later remarried. In spite of the fact that it's anything but an exact portrayal, John Forbes Nash, Jr. suffered from schizophrenia. John Forbes Nash, Jr. , or John Nash as he is alluded to in the film, was conceived June 13, 1928 in Bluefield, West Virginia w here he was raised. Nash took classes from Bluefield College while as yet going to Bluefield High School. In the wake of moving on from secondary school in 1945, he enlisted at the Carnegie Institute of Technology (presently Carnegie Mellon University) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on a Westinghouse grant, where he considered concoction designing and science before changing to arithmetic. He got the two his four year college education and his graduate degree in 1948 while at Carnegie Tech. † (John Forbes Nash, Jr. ). The film starts as Nash is going to Princeton University for his postgraduate work in arithmetic and composes his theory on non-helpful games which he later gets the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. In the film Nash finds a new line of work at Massachusetts Institution of Technology subsequent to moving on from Princeton. It is at MIT where Nash meets his future spouse, Alicia, and begins to look all starry eyed at her and she remains his devoted mate even through his infuriating scenes of schizophrenia. The film contrasts from reality in numerous cases, his adoration life being one of them. In all actuality Nash had an insignificant relationship with a medical attendant by the name of Eleanor Stier, they had a child together and named him John David Stier. After the youngster was conceived Nash surrendered them two and experienced a gay stage, in the mid-1950s he was â€Å"arrested in a Santa Monica bathroom on an ethics charge identified with a gay encounter† (John Forbes Nash, Jr. ). This was said to have made him lose his position at MIT and made him need to get hitched. Just presently is Alicia brought into the image, an understudy of his at MIT from El Salvador. John Forbes Nash, Jr. what's more, Alicia Lopez-Harrison de Larde get hitched in 1957 and after two years Alicia concedes John Nash to the psychological emergency clinic. In the film he is handled by two men and a third, Dr. Rosen, oversees a narcotic and they pull Nash away in their vehicle, all while understudies and educators are viewing. Schizophrenia is portrayed similar to a â€Å"mental issue described by irregularities in the observation or articulation of the real world. † (Schizophrenia) Normally it happens in youthful adulthood and shows itself in sound-related mind flights jumpy or strange daydreams, or muddled discourse and thinking, while visual visualizations are conceivable they are incredibly uncommon and John Nash Jr. said that he just had sound-related visualizations. The visual indications in the film were just to interest the crowd and to explain the truthfulness and the truth of the sickness. Schizophrenia is an uncommon malady, influencing half of one percent of the number of inhabitants on the planet and researchers and specialists discover minimal more about it directly than when John Nash was analyzed. While information on schizophrenia is scant individuals have discovered some valuable medicines, for example, Insulin Shock Therapy and certain meds, for example, Typical Antipsychotic and the more up to date Atypical Antipsychotic, we see John Nash experience the Insulin Shock Therapy in the late 1950s and the mid 1960s. Insulin Shock Therapy anyway has been supplanted by more current and progressively powerful prescriptions. The Typical Antipsychotics are the pink pills that Nash takes after his hospitalization. He says these drugs make it difficult for him to center and he can't react to his better half so he quits taking them. This possibly motivations further torment when Nash’s mind flights all return. Nash inevitably figures out how to adapt to these visualizations and just overlooks them. Taking everything into account, the film â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† is a persuasive film that fills the crowd with we and interest as they watch Nash figure out how to live with schizophrenia and endeavor to stay a suitable piece of society. John Forbes Nash Jr. has affected financial aspects, arithmetic, and material science, he educated at two significant colleges, he got hitched, he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and he indicated millions that it is conceivable to do every on e of these things while living with schizophrenia. Works Cited Angelo. â€Å"Beautiful Mind, A (2001)† MovieFreak. com †The Film Palace. 13 January 2010. Web. 04 March 2010. Overstreet, Jeffrey. A Beautiful Mind (2001)† Rotten Tomatoes. Flixter, Inc. 12 May 2004. Web. 04 March 2010. http://www. rottentomatoes. com/m/beautiful_mind/â€Å"A Beautiful Mind (Film)† Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 04 March 2010. Web. 04 March 2010. http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/A_Beautiful_Mind_(film) â€Å"John Forbes Nash, Jr. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 04 March 2010. Web. 04 March 2010. http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr â€Å"Schizophrenia† Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 01 March 2010. Web. 04 March 2010. http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Schizophrenia

Soil Behaviour and Geotechnical Modelling Free Essays

(a) Discuss points of interest and constraints of Duncan and Chang’s model. Duncan and Chang’s model accept a hyperbolic pressure strain connection and was created dependent on triaxial soil tests. The first model expect a steady Poisson’s proportion while the modified model suits the variety of Poisson’s proportion by methods for stress-subordinate Poisson’s proportion or stress-subordinate mass modulus. We will compose a custom article test on Soil Behavior and Geotechnical Modeling or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The Duncan-Chang model is favorable in breaking down numerous functional issues and is easy to set up with standard triaxial pressure tests. When tri-pivotal test outcomes are not accessible, model parameters are additionally plentifully accessible in writings. It is a straightforward yet evident upgrade to the Mohr-Coulomb model. In this regard, this model is favored over the Mohr-Coulomb model. Be that as it may, it has its confinements, including, (I) the middle of the road chief pressure s2 isn't represented; (ii) results might be questionable when broad disappointment happens; (iii) it doesn't consider the volume change because of changes in shear pressure (shear dilatancy); (iv) input parameters are not principal soil properties, however just observational qualities for constrained scope of conditions. (v) the model is for the most part expected for semi static investigation. (b) Discuss favorable circumstances and impediments of Yin and Graham’s KGJ model. Yin and Graham’s KGJ model is framed utilizing information from isotropic solidification tests and united undrained triaxial tests with pore-water pressure estimation. It gives practical articulations to , and connections in soils. In Duncan and Chang’s model for triaxial stress conditions: may cause volume strain ( enlargement and pressure) may cause shear strain. Though Yin and Graham’s KGJ model: In this way the volume change and shear strain was considered, which is an improvement to Duncan and Chang’s model. The restriction of Yin and Graham’s KGJ model may exist in the assurance of the parameter and the multifaceted nature of its computation. (c) Discuss the contrasts between flexible models and hypo-versatile models. For soils, the conduct rely upon the pressure way followed. The complete disfigurement of such materials can be disintegrated into a recoverable part and an irretrievable part. Hypoelasticity establishes a summed up gradual law in which the conduct can be mimicked from augmentation to augment as opposed to for the whole burden or worry at once. In hypoelasticity, the addition of stress is communicated as a component of stress and augmentation of strain. The Hypoelastic idea can give reproduction of constitutive conduct in a smooth way and thus can be utilized for solidifying or mellowing soils. Hypoelastic models can be considered as change of direct versatile models. Be that as it may, it might gradually reversible, with no coupling among volumetric and deviatoric reactions and is way free. 5.2 Use representations to clarify the physical (geometric) which means of every one of the 7 parameters (just 5 free) in a cross-anisotropic versatile soil model (). Figure 5.1 Parameters in cross-anisotropic flexible model †Young’s modulus in the depositional heading; †Young’s modulus in the plane of testimony ; †Poisson’s proportion for stressing in the plane of testimony because of the pressure acting toward affidavit; †Poisson’s proportion for stressing toward affidavit because of the pressure acting in the plane of testimony; †Poisson’s proportion for stressing in the plane of testimony because of the pressure acting in a similar plane; †Shear modulus in the plane of the course of statement; †Shear modulus in the plane of testimony. Because of evenness necessities, just 5 parameters are autonomous. Task 6 (Lecture 6 †Elasto-plastic conduct): 6.1 (an) Explain and talk about (I) yield, (ii) yield basis, (iii) potential surface, (iv) stream rule, (v) ordinariness, (vi) consistency condition. (I) The yield quality or yield purpose of a material is characterized in designing and materials science as the worry at which a material starts to distort plastically. Preceding the yield point the material will distort flexibly and will come back to its unique shape when the applied pressure is expelled. When the yield point is passed some division of the misshapening will be lasting and non-reversible. In the uniaxial circumstances the yield pressure shows the beginning of plastic stressing. In the multi-hub circumstance it isn't reasonable to discuss a yield pressure. Rather, a yield work is characterized which is a scalar capacity of stress and state parameters. (ii) A yield rule, regularly communicated as yield surface, or yield locus, is a speculation concerning the constraint of versatility under any mix of stresses. There are two translations of yield standard: one is absolutely numerical in adopting a measurable strategy while different models endeavor to give a legitimization dependent on built up physical standards. Since anxiety are tensor characteristics they can be portrayed based on three head bearings, on account of pressure these are meant by , and . (iii) Potential surface is the portion of a plastic potential surface plotted in chief pressure space, as appeared in Figure 6.1 (a). A two dimensional case was appeared in Figure 6.1 (b). (iv) Flow rule: †a scalar multiplier; †plastic potential capacity; {} †area of surface (a vector), not in the last condition Figure 6.1 Plastic potential introduction (v) Assuming the plastic potential capacity to be equivalent to the yield work as a further improvement: The steady plastic strain vector is then ordinary to the yield surface and the typicality condition is said to apply. (vi) Having characterized the essential elements of an elasto-plastic constitutive model, a connection between gradual burdens and steady strains at that point can be gotten. At the point when the material is plastic the pressure state must fulfill the yield work. Subsequently, on utilizing the chain rule of separation, gives: This condition is known as the consistency condition or consistency condition. (b) Explain and talk about the partner stream rule and non-partner stream rule and how the two principles influence the volumetric misshapening and the bearing limit of a strip balance on sand. Now and then disentanglement can be applied by expecting the plastic potential capacity to be equivalent to the yield work (for example ). For this situation the stream rule is supposed to be related. The steady plastic strain vector is then typical to the yield surface and the ordinariness condition is said to apply. In the general case wherein the yield and plastic potential capacities contrast (for example ), the stream rule is supposed to be non-related. On the off chance that the stream rule is related, the constitutive framework is symmetric as is the worldwide solidness lattice. Then again, if the stream rule is non-related both the constitutive framework and the worldwide firmness grid become non-symmetric. The reversal of non-symmetric grids is significantly more expensive, both of capacity and PC time. As noted, it happens in an uncommon class of versatility wherein the stream rule is supposed to be related. Replacement of a symmetric for all components in a limited component plateau, into the get together procedure, brings about a symmetric worldwide firmness lattice. For the general case wherein the stream rule is non-related and the yield and plastic potential capacities contrast, the constitutive lattice is non-symmetric. When gathered into the limited component conditions this outcomes in a non-symmetric worldwide solidness lattice. The reversal of such a lattice is increasingly intricate and requires all the more processing assets, both memory and time, than a symmetric framework. Some business programs can't manage non-symmetric worldwide firmness lattices and, subsequently, confine the grammatical mistake of plastic models that can be suited to those which have a related stream rule. (c) Explain plastic strain solidifying and plastic work solidifying or relaxing. The state parameters, , are identified with the amassed plastic strains . Therefore, if there is a direct connection between thus that at that point on replacement, alongside the stream rule, the obscure scalar,, drops and A becomes determinant. On the off chance that there is certifiably not a direct connection between and , the differential proportion on the left hand side of the above condition is a capacity the plastic strains and thusly an element of . When subbed, alongside the stream rule given, the A’s don't drop and A gets uncertain. It is then not possums to assess the []. Practically speaking all strain solidifying/ relaxing models expect a straight connection between the state parameters and the plastic strains . In this kind of versatility the state parameters}, are identified with the gathered plastic work, ,which is reliant on the plastic strains it very well may be appeared, following a comparative contention to that parented above for strain solidifying/relaxing pliancy, that as long as there is a straight connection between the state parameters }, and the plastic work, , the parameter characterized gets free of the obscure scalar, , send in this way is determinant. In the event that the connection between and isn't direct, become an element of and it is preposterous to expect to assess the constitutive framework. 6.2 Show steps to infer the flexible plastic constitutive grid [] in (6.16). The gradual all out strains can be part into versatile and plastic , componets. The steady pressure, are identified with the gradual versatile strains, by the flexible constitutive network: Or on the other hand on the other hand Consolidating gives The gradual plastic strains are identified with the plastic potential capacity, through the stream rule. This can be composed as S

How to Write a Paper About Yourself

How to Write a Paper About YourselfIf you're writing a paper about yourself, you'll want to do it right. Writing a paper about yourself is a great way to get yourself and your situation out in the open, but there are a few things that you should take into consideration before you get started. After all, you'll be putting a lot of effort into your paper.One thing to consider is what sort of paper you're writing. Some people will use this to point out flaws and negative characteristics. You may want to avoid doing this, as it's likely going to be more offensive than helpful. Instead, you can consider making notes on the positive points about yourself. This is another great way to get your personal feelings out in the open, without feeling too self-righteous or presumptuous.Another thing to consider is whether or not you're going to include any personal information. This includes things like your school, the neighborhood you grew up in, your family, or anything else that might be too em barrassing to you. If you're just using the paper to point out something about yourself, you might not want to include this type of information.It's also important to take the time to write the paper in a way that's appropriate for your audience. Make sure that your paper is conversational rather than formal, so that it isn't distracting. Take into account the amount of space that you have available to you.Also, make sure that your subject matter is relevant to the audience you're writing it for. Even if you know someone that is a bit self-critical, your readers may not be willing to give you too much attention if they don't need to.Finally, when you're getting ready to write a paper about yourself, it's a good idea to set aside some time to write your paper. Have someone else read it, so that you have a second pair of eyes looking over it. Write as if you're just having a conversation with a friend or acquaintance.Your audience will probably be a bit shy, and that will put you at a disadvantage if you attempt to communicate with them in a direct manner. You should be able to easily slip in a little humor in your paper, and that's even better if your audience can relate to it. Making small talk during your paper about yourself will help you avoid making snide comments about your situation, which can make the whole project look even worse.Don't be afraid to write a personal essay about yourself. It's a great way to give yourself a little piece of yourself and also to allow others to know you as well. Remember to take things slow, keep the tone light, and do your best to stay casual throughout the whole process.

Aristotle And Plato s Views On Politics And Morality Essay

The purpose of this essay is to discuss whether politics should be focused on morality with reference to the political thinkers, Aristotle and Plato. Aristotle and Plato have two fundamentally differing views on politics and how it links to morality. Morality to Aristotle and Plato will be analysed through their version of how politics utensils morality to carry out legislation or create a universal manner carried out by the citizens. To achieve this, this essay will examine the following points, Human nature and human soul. This essay will argue how the human nature and human soul differ on its viewpoint of justice and morality and how it should be implemented into political matters. Morality is defined as distinguishing between a right and wrong behaviour, usually through specified codes of conduct of the society. For Aristotle, an ethical life is only possible in political society and they are closely linked. According to Aristotle, the morals of the city-state are correlated to politics. He takes this from his views on human nature. He states that â€Å"man by nature is an ethical being† , therefore, human beings ultimately want to live the ‘good life’ or a ‘just life’. He explains this through the idea of teleology. Teleology is â€Å"everything that exists... is present for that sake of purpose or end† . Therefore, man lives a just and moral life for the sake of telos, which in this case is the city-state because it is the political state that helps to construct and fulfilShow MoreRelatedAristotle, The Man Of Thinking1025 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle, the Man of Thinking Aristotle is his name, philosophy is the game. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist who was born in Stagira Greece in 384 B.C. He lived to be 62 years old, which at the time, was a very good lifespan. Aristotle’s place of death was in Chalcis. His full name is Aristotle Stagiritis son of Nicomachus. He had a wife by the name of Hermias and a son with the name of Pythias. Aristotle is known well for teaching the world renowned man, referred to today as AlexanderRead MoreAristotle s Realism Philosophy And Philosophy1590 Words   |  7 PagesRealism is an educational philosophy; furthermore it is a teaching that stresses knowledge that develops from one s own senses.in my opinion this is great idea for educational philosphy, because it shows that sense deveolpement is the realest possible learning to have. Under this philosophy the idea exists that there is a real world not constructed by human minds, that can be known by one s own mind. It is through experiencing th e world around everyone in which one learns the guiding principles andRead MoreAristotle on Happiness and Virtue Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagestheir philosophical discussions. The most ancient and long-lasting literature on moral principles and ethics were described by Greek philosopher Aristotle. He had an excellent command on various subjects ranging from sciences to mathematics and philosophy. He was also a student of a famous philosopher. His most important study on ethics, personal morality and virtues is ‘The Nicomachean Ethics’, which has been greatly influencing works of literature in ethics and heavily read for centuries, is believedRead MoreAristotle And Aristotle s Theory Of Moral Virtue1229 Words   |  5 PagesNietzsche and Aristotle were two of the most significant philosopher of not only their time but their works has lasted throughout the centuries to influence even some today’s greatest minds. Their works however could not be any separated, A ristotle is a prominent figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. He was a student of great thinkers such as Plato and SocratesRead MoreAristotle And Marcus Cicero s Perceptions Of Virtue Ethics And The Development Of Economic Society1623 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society, and are considered supplementary to the economy as a whole. But philosophers have always questioned the morality of how one conducts himself in society. In this essay, we will examine Plato, Aristotle, Saint Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Marcus Cicero’s perceptions of what virtue ethics are, and how they facilitated the development of economic society. Morality, distinctly defines what is right and what is wrong, but theory of virtue ethics is the mechanism an individual uses toRead MoreThe Theory Of Equality And The State1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen a political and social concept that has drawn controversy and confusion. The cleverest minds in time have debated what exactly equality is, and how it can be customized to faultlessly serve the purpose of the government, and therefore the state. Plato, Locke, and Nietzsche are just three of the philosophers that have contributed their thoughts for this topic. The multitude of differing opinions from philosophers on the political topic of equality and the state give us many features to consider whenRead MoreEvolution of Slavery in Justice Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagesimmoral from humanity’s (also to be interpreted as America’s) standpoint but for only 150 years. Why then can we so firmly and undeniably declare that slavery is immoral? The answer lies in the writings of great political visionaries like Solon, Aristotle, Cicero, Locke, Marx, and Lincoln. Individually they all have differing opinions about slavery. Taken together, however, their works reveal a timeline that shows how slavery has evolved from an accepted to a depraved custom. Slavery’s immoralityRead More Aristotelian Rhetoric: Progression of Sophists Nascent Teachings2545 Words   |  11 PagesScholars and historians of rhetoric consider the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, one of the great contributors to our present understanding of this art which, since its early origins and until present, has been a controversial field of study because of its association with persuasion and influence. However, readings of the many ancient and contemporary texts and analyses of the origins and the developments of this ancient art marginalized the role of the Sophists, who were the first to introduce rhetoricRead MoreThe Political Of Political Science Essay2347 Words   |  10 PagesIntrod uction: According to Aristotleâ€Å"Man is by nature a political animal and he only by nature and by mere accident is without state is either above humanity or below it† Political science is ultimately related with the word politics which is derived from the Greek word â€Å"Polis†.The origin of political thought in the west and therefore goes back to the Greece.Political science is the study of the state and the government.And political philosophy is considersd to be a sub discipline of political scienceRead MoreParmenides and Heraclitus5510 Words   |  23 Pagesuniverse was created, understanding of the universe, way of truth, way of opinion and the third way. The author explains that Parmenides, who came after Heraclitus, addressed part of his writings as a refutation of Heraclitus? views. He objected both to Heraclitus? view of the universe and how Heraclitus felt people could gain knowledge of it. From the Paper: While we have discussed what both men see as the make up of the material world, it is equally important to take up how each man felt he

Translating Since in Spanish

The English word since has several meanings and can function as at least three parts of speech — adverb, conjunction and preposition, and they cant all be translated to Spanish the same way. Following are some of the most common ways of translating since; this is not a complete list, although usually one of these can be used in most situations. Since When Since meaning from a certain time forward: When using a date or time, the preposition desde can usually be used: Nueve periodistas espaà ±oles han muerto en conflictos desde 1980. Nine Spanish journalists have died in conflicts since 1980.Desde hace una hora ya no tengo trabajo. I have been without work since an hour ago.Està ¡n en huelga desde la semana pasada. They have been on strike since last week.Mi madre desde entonces no es lo que era. My mother since then isnt what she used to be. Note that as in the examples above, the present tense of the verb is used even though the action began in the past. When since is used by itself as an adverb, it usually is the equivalent of since then, so desde entonces can be used: No ha llovido desde entonces. It hasnt rained since. Desde que can be used in constructions such as the following: Parece que pasaron 15 minutos y no 15 aà ±os desde que nos fuimos. It seems like 15 minutes have passed and not 15 years since we went away.Desde que trabajà © aquà ­, he tenido muchas oportunidades. Since I started working here, I have had many opportunities.Desde que te vi no puedo dejar de pensar en ti. Since I saw you I cant stop thinking about you. Since Why Since as introducing a reason: When since is used to explain why something is being done or occurring, you often can use one or more of the words or phrases of causation. Other words or phrases can be used in addition to those below: Como porque tengo hambre. I am eating since I am hungry.Como Henry tenà ­a miedo a volar, rehusà ³ ir a Londres. Since Henry was afraid to fly, he refused to go to London.Dado que soy celà ­aco  ¿quà © alimentos puedo injerir? Since I have celiac disease, what foods can I eat?No importa, ya que es sà ³lo un sueà ±o. It doesnt matter, since its only a dream.

Ancient Architecture Ancient And Medieval Architecture

Religion’s Architecture Ancient and Medieval Architecture spans from the meaningful Zygurats in Mesopotamia to the elaborate Gothic Churches in France. Architecture has been influenced by many factors like environment, politics, and culture. However, the greater factor that influenced Ancient and Medieval Architecture is religion. Religion, Gods, and the heavens where the key factors in creating Mesopotamian Ziggurats, Egyptian Pyramids, Greek Temples, Christian Basilicas, Islamic Mosques, and Romanesque and Gothic churches. The Deir el-Bahri and the Mortuary temples of Queen Hatshepsut are influenced by nature, since the temples lay adjacent to the Nile River. The Deir el-Bahri was located further to avoid flooding, local materials also influenced how architecture was made in all non-trading civilizations. In the Roman Empire, politics were the reason architecture was being made; emperors commissioned the structures. An example of architecture influence by culture are Minoan and Mycenaean architecture. Architecture in Knossos symbolized the lenient and easy going culture in the Minoan civilization. In contrast, Architecture in Mycenae symbolized the militaristic and war-centered culture of the Mycenaean culture. Even though environment, politics, and culture had a significant role in Ancient and Medieval Architecture, religion was the most influential factor in Ancient and Medieval architecture. In Mesopotamia, the region in-between current day Iran, Iraq,Show MoreRelatedRenaissance Architecture Vs Gothic Architecture1390 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 17th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance architecture followed Gothic architecture and was succeeded by Baroque architecture. Developed first in Florence, with Filippo Brunelleschi as one of its innovators, the Renaissance style quickly spread to otherRead MoreArt and Architecture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesmost visible through art and architecture, demonstrated specifically through an emphasis on religion or classical antiquity, and humanity. During the Middle Ages, art was more religious because it had a very religious influence from the church ha ving such great power in the community. When the Renaissance started, art became more focused on ancient Greece. The Greek influence was because scholars were broadly studying the revival of classical antiquity. 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It is always interesting to think about how much these individuals of the ancient world built given how behind they were compared to our lives today. In the big scheme of things, they were actually probably better off than we are today. One of the most admired and intricate works of architecture from the medieval French era is known as the Chartres Cathedral (AKARead MoreThe Renaissance And The Medieval Period1658 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is new about the Renaissance, compared to the medieval period that we studied in the last unit? The word Renaissance means revival or rebirth. This word comes from the European civilizations that follows behind the Middle Ages. It was held to characterize an interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance dealt with the discovery and exploration of new continents, a decline in the growth of commerce and feudal systems. 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The premise of the entire fresco was based off of an ancient Roman event, following the ever present Renaissance trend of going back to the classics. However, a twist within the painting was the presence of St. Peter and St. Paul, as angelic beings floating withRead MoreGreek and Roman Architectural Influences in Modern Society Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many imitations, and reproductions of Greek and Roman forms in the modern society of today. Even though the times of the great Ancient Greek and Roman Empires have passed, people of today are still able to honor their legacy with their long-lasting influences on modern societ y today, especially in architecture. If one just looks at today’s style of buildings, they can see the similarities between the two different time spans. Back in the golden days of Greece, one of the top priorities

Confucianism and Legalism were two philosophies of Essay Example For Students

Confucianism and Legalism were two philosophies of Essay the Hundred Schools of Thought of the Eastern Chou (Zhou) Dynasty that have left profound effects on Chinese thinking, culture, and essentially every aspect of Chinese life. Confucianism is commonly distinguished as a social and ethical philosophy, while Legalism advocated a strong central government with absolute power. Although the two schools had very distinct principles, various ideologies from both teachings have been adapted and blended in Chinese history. Confucius (Kung Fu-tzu or Master Kung) was a philosopher whose teachings dominated Chinese philosophical thinking for almost 2,500 years. His principles are studied to this day not only by Chinese historians, but also by scholars throughout the world. Born an ordinary person in the state of Lu in Shatung province in 551 B.C., Confucius quickly rose in the administrative ranks, but was soon forced out of his office (De Bary, 181). With the division of China into numerous states, chaos reigned during the late Chou period. Still believing that he could restore peace and orderliness in his state, Confucius began teaching, never turning back to politics. With as many as 3,000 students, Confucius did not consider himself an inventor of new ideas, just a transmitter (Ching, 235). Confucius is also credited with writing or editing the Five Classics, which later became the core of curriculum and officially accepted as the philosophy in the Han Dynasty in the second century B.C. (De Bary, 183). The main sources of his teachings were conversations recorded by his students in the Analects (Ching, 236). Confucius died in 479 B.C. To restore orderliness and peace of the Golden Age of the Western Chou, Confucius urged return to virtue. This was based on the concept of jen, which has been translated as humanity, benevolence, reciprocity, or perfect virtue (De Bary, 187). Confucius concluded that only through a persistent effort will one transcend into jen: Is there anyone who exerts himself even for a single day to achieve humanity? I have not seen any who had not the strength to achieve it (De Bary, 187). Confucius justified his beliefs through his own actions: At fifteen I set my heart on learning to be a sage. At thirty I became firm. At forty I had no more doubts. At fifty I understood Heavens Will. At sixty my ears were attuned to this Will. At seventy I could follow my hearts desire, without overstepping the line. (Ching, 235) The virtue of jen was later associated with the social mobility of classes, rather than the traditional belief in the nobility of birth. This way, every disciplined nobleman or gentleman (chun-tzu/junzi) could become a statesman with the proper education (De Bary, 183). Even Hsun-tzu, whose students were Legalists, proclaimed that education can help humans elude evil (Ching, 241). Indeed, Confucius began the Chinese bureaucracy based on merit rather than birth. On a societal level, the people sought chung yung, which translates into Central Harmony. The concept of li, or rites and ceremonies, was to be installed for a stable and orderly society (Kitagawa, 206). Confucius considered family as the ideal social order: with the strong principles of filial piety and rectification of names, the family was a sure microcosm of the state. This viewpoint is supported by the fact that three of the five relationships are composed of family: husband-wife, father-son, and elder brother-younger brother. Although Confucius never intended for his beliefs to be a faith, his teachings of li are loosely tied with the notion of Confucianism as a religion. The rituals performed as mores and his regard for the will of Heaven (Tien), given the time period (political chaos), eventually were birth of a new religion (Ching, 235). To be a virtuous ruler, according to Confucius, one must be moral and of strong character, as a political head was the most highly revered position in China. Confucius also was concerned with the subject of laws and punishment. Because Confucius viewed human natured to be good, he considered punishments futile as people would keep on breaking the law. Only if the people are lead by virtue and restraint, they will develop a sense of shame (De Bary, 190). Along with shaping the bureaucracy, as mentioned earlier, Confucius accomplishments in government include the development of proper .

Social Analysis in Canada

In Getting Started on Social Analysis in Canada Clarke, Czerny, Davies and Swift explain that the Third World conditions experienced in the southern countries (Third World countries) are as a result of unfair economic constitutions adopted by the rich nations, which are the US and the Western European countries (110). They argue that although international exchanges of ideas of arguably everything have increased, leading to faster flow of money, goods, people and information (Cairns and Sears 243), rich nations have taken advantage of their superiority to trample on the developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Social Analysis in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This, they explain, is as a result of unequal financial, as well as, trade relations. I completely agree with this assertion, based on the economic policies adopted by the World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund and the World Bank where the rich nations are the major shareholders and signatories (UN Development Programme 2). In my view, the rich nations in Western Europe and North America are responsible for the economic problems experienced in Third World countries. The global trade and commerce has not been able to generate the economic growth essential for the development of the Third World countries, while the rich nations continue to achieve significant economic growth and development (Shah 2). Third World countries have been turned to beggars and highly depend on the rich nations for financial assistance. The enormous debts that they owe to rich nations have become the main obstacle to achieving human development and economic stability. According to Clarke, Czerny, Davies and Swift, poor countries pay more in debt services as compared to what they receive from loans (110). Rich nations siphoned-off massive resources from Third World countries during the colonial period, and to furthe r cement their economic power and growth, adopted economic policies that allow them to scoop more wealth from these countries. The rich nations have sometimes imposed loans on Third World countries so that they can achieve their interests, thereby increasing the debt burden on poor countries (Shah 8). These unfair debts which result from illegitimate loans destabilize the economic growth of poor countries considering the high interest rates that they repay the loans with. Rich nations therefore get richer while poor nations only achieve minimal economic growth. Clarke, Czerny, Davies and Swift advocate for development based democracy and fair dealing (110). While it is important to create economic institutions for the growth of a country or the world as a whole, the provisions of international economic constitutions should not favor the rich nations at the expense of the poor nations. The international economic and financial institutions such as IMF and World Bank have been institut ed in such a way that the rich nations from North America and Western Europe control and scoop wealth from the poor countries.Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Third World countries are forced to play along the rules created by rich nations or else they risk economic alienation or sanction even though these economic policies have more disadvantage to them than advantages. I take the example of Ethiopia where the IMF suspended financial aid due to its rejection of the one-size-fits-all development model adopted by the organization, at a time when the country lagging at the 170th position on the UN list (Clarke, Czerny, Davies and Swift 111-112). Liberalization of markets and privatization policies further worsens the ability of poor countries to achieve significant economic stability. Rich nations have not allowed poor countries to stabilize their economies before they adopt the liberalization and privatization policies. In my view, this is the major reason as to why rich nations continue to unfairly drain off resources from poor countries to develop their own economies. It is now several decades ranging from 6 to 3 since most of these poor countries attained independence from colonial control, and yet they are still not ready to compete favorably in global trade and commerce with the rich nations. This means that they were ambushed to adopt these policies. The former chief economist of the World Bank, Joseph Stiglitz, argues that IMF and the World Bank have adopted economic policies which push governments of poor countries away from controlling their internal markets claiming that free-market capitalism would help these countries solve their economic problems (Clarke, Czerny, Davies and Swift 110). Today, the markets are controlled by demand and supply, as well as competition and not governments. Rich nations therefore take advantage of the poor countries by expanding their already established companies to developing economies. They quickly control the markets in such countries ahead of the domestic industries, yet the revenue collected in the process is repatriated. Clarke, Czerny, Davies and Swift are also share my view that the financial liberalization advocated for by the rich nations and international institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank unfairly benefit the economies of rich nations (111). It limits ability of the poor countries to establish protectionist measures for their not yet stable financial markets and therefore opening them up to free-market economics. Poor countries no longer have the capacity to control the financial markets, meaning that they can not influence productivity, jobs, as well as, the prices of imports and exports. I strongly believe that the economic policies applied by the rich nations and the international agreements which they make with the rich nations, have got nothing to do wit h achieving global economic growth. These policies and agreements are meant to achieve protectionism to their domestic products and companies, and to expand the market for their commodities and services. The mutual benefits in these relationships are skewed and highly favour them. Clarke, Czerny, Davies and Swift (119-120) explain that some rich nations have occasionally applied technical barriers to limit trade abilities of other nations. Such governments have always quoted worker, consumer or environmental protection as their reasons for banning the importation of some products.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Social Analysis in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In my view, these are protectionist measures adopted to protect their economic interests. Canada has been forced to sign many international economic agreements to satisfy the economic interests of the US, and the World Trade Organizati on to benefit from the trade and economic relations with the US and Western European countries (Naiman 126). Rich nations normally sign agreements which have more trade benefits to them and which result to trade creation on their side more than it does to developing countries. The market economics programs of liberalization, as well as, privatization which have controlled the new era of globalization are questionable. They have unfairly given rise to development for the US and the Western European countries. I therefore conclude that development as a result of globalization should not just consider economic growth, but should be made sustainable, and participatory. There should also be checks on the free market particularly by Third World countries. Besides, there should be liberty to participate effectively and equally in trade and commerce. Works Cited Cairns, James and Sears, Alan. A Good Book. In Theory Making Sense Through Inquiry, 2nd Ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. Print. Czerny, Michael, ]ackline, Clarke, Davies, Robert, and Swift, Jamie. Globalization and development. In getting started on social analysis in Canada, 4th ed. Toronto, ON: Between the Lines, 2003. Print. Naiman, Joan. How Societies Work: Class, Power, And Change In A Class, Power, And Change In A Canadian Context, 4th Ed. Fernwood Publishing Company Ltd, 2008. Print. Shah, Anup. Causes of Poverty. Global Issues, 05 June, 2011. 08 July, 2011. http://www.globalissues.org/issue/2/causes-of-povertyAdvertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More UN Development Programme. Human Development Report 1999. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Print. This critical writing on Social Analysis in Canada was written and submitted by user Dane Head to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Long Does It Take to Send SAT Scores

How Long Does It Take to Send SAT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re applying to college, you need to know the answer to one question:how long does it take to send SAT scores?Knowing this will help you plan when you will take your SAT. You want to make sure that whenever you take the SAT, you have time to get that score sent to your target schools before the deadline. When is your last opportunity to take the SAT if you’re applying Early Decision or Early Action? When is your last opportunity to take the SAT if you’re applying Regular Decision? I’ll answer these questions and more in this short article. How Long Does It Take to Send SAT Scores? Once you have your SAT scores available online, if you order your score reports, it will take approximately 1-2 weeks for a college to receive your SAT scores. The reason the timing is slightly variable is that colleges do not instantaneously receive your score when the College Board sends the score report.Each college chooses how they’d like to receive the score reports and how often they’d like to receive score reports from the College Board.Most colleges receive scores electronically through software that files your score with the rest of your application materials.Colleges themselves select how often to download new score reports: somewhere between once per day and once per week (for example, UVA gets them daily). Free Score Report: Is It Faster? When you signed up to take the SAT, you had the option to choose four colleges to send free score reports. Also, you have until nine days after the test to add or change the colleges. Will the colleges receive your SAT scores faster if you used the free score reports? Yes! When you choose this option, scores aretypically sent to colleges the same day that youreceive your score on the College Board website - approximately three weeks after you take your SAT test. NOTE:with the new SAT, the College Board is not guaranteeing that they will send the free score reports the same day you receive your score. Instead, the College Board is estimating that they'll send the free reports in the middle of the month when you receive your scores. However, as I said above, colleges themselves select how often to download new score reports, so they may not receive your scores right away; it could take up to a week for them to receive the scores. Rushed Score Report: Is It Faster? You can also opt to rush your score reports (although the service is temporarily unavailable).When you rush your score reports, you pay a $31 rush fee, and the College Board guarantees that they’ll send your scores within two business days.If you rushyour score reports, I’d estimate that the colleges receive the scores in about 1-1.5 weeks. The rushed reports don't really make that much of a difference (if any) as to when colleges receive your scores since normal score reports take about two weeks and rushed score reports take about 1.5 weeks. It's a lot of money, and they're essentially never worth it. When to Send Your Scores If you already have your scores, and you're happy with them (aka you do not plan to retest), then you should send them now. Sooner is always better than later.Even if you haven't completed the rest of your application yet, colleges will hang on to your scores until you do. However, if you want to wait, I'd recommend sending your scores at least three weeks before the college's application deadline. All schoolshave different application deadlines. Check each college's admissions website to find their application deadline or search "[College Name] application deadline" in Google. Timeline: When to Take the SAT and Send Your Score What does the score report timeline look like? I’ve created mock timelines to show you about how long it will take a college to receive your score report based on when you took the test. NOTE: these timelines that I created are overly cautious. It may take less time than this, but I want to urge caution. Don’t wait until the last second to order score reports and count on them getting to the colleges on time. I’ll dive into this more in the next section. If you choose to send the free SAT score reports, the timeline will look something like this: Day 1 - Take the SAT Days 1-9 - Order free score reports Day 22 - Receive your scores on the College Board website Day 22-25 - The College Board sends your free score reports to the colleges you selected. Day 29-32 - The colleges receive your SAT score reports. If you opt to wait to see your scores before sending them, your timeline will instead look like this: Day 1 - Take the SAT Day 22 - Receive your scores on the College Board website and order your paid score reports to be sent to colleges Day 27-34 - The College Board sends your paid score reports to the colleges you selected. Day 34-43 - The colleges receive your SAT score reports. If you wait to see your scores but then order a rush report, your timeline will be slightly shortened to this: Day 1 - Take the SAT Day 22 - Receive your scores on the College Board website and order your paid and rushed score reports to be sent to colleges Day 23-25 - The College Board sends your paid score reports to the colleges you selected. Day 30-39 - The colleges receive your SAT score reports. So When Do You Need to Take the SAT? If you plan to use the free SAT score reports, I’d recommend you take the SAT at least five weeks before the application deadline.NOTE: you can find each individual college’s application deadline on their admissions website or by doing a Google search for â€Å"[College Name] application deadline.† If you plan to wait to see your score and then order your paid score reports,I’d recommend you take the SAT at least seven weeks before the application deadline. If you're willing topay the rush fee,you might be able to cut it slightly closer and takethe SAT six weeks before the application deadline, but I would strongly advise against this since rushing reports doesn't always get the scores to colleges faster. DISCLAIMER: I do not recommend waiting for the last opportunity to take the SAT. I highly recommend doing SAT preparation and aiming to take your first SAT during your junior year of high school so that you can opt to retest if you do not like your score.Waiting forthe last opportunity to take your SAT may not result in a good score.Read our guide to planning your SAT prep schedule. What’s Next? Nervous about sending your SAT score report? Read our guide on everything you need to know before you send your SAT score report to colleges. Need help with your college application? Learn how to write a college essay and how to write about extracurriculars on your application. Interested in a top college? Get advice on how to get into Harvard and how to get into Stanford. Need help finding the right college for you? Read our guide to finding your target school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Automotive Industry Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Automotive Industry Analysis - Research Paper Example Tichy (20-23) describes that the major evolution in the automotive industry is the introduction of the engine. The development was after the discovery of energy carrying means that include new fuels, and steam used in the 1700s. The new fuels in the 1800s included gas and gasoline. Later in 1876, there was the introduction of 4-stroke engine that involves the internal burning of gasoline fuels. In the same year, in Europe and America, there was an establishment of the first motor vehicle. In early 1900, the automobile industry introduced new technologies such as steering wheel and an accelerator. These two facilitated the growth of the industry, as vehicles became easier to operate. In the same years, societal developments occurred in America where they would provide a foundation for the production of automobiles. The government also introduced driver’s licenses and issued them to citizens. They opened many service stations and car sales improved with planned time payments. Ma ny models were introduced in the same year, such as Ford and other designs, where cars assumed another appearance. In the 1910s, societal development, as well as technologies, improved significantly. This facilitated the introduction of new methods of manufacturing and improved business strategies. Choudhury (1) shows that in the US, the roads were safe for users after the introduction of traffic rights and road signs. In 1913, Henry Ford launched his assembly line that facilitated mass production of vehicles, therefore, gaining the economies of scale. The renowned assembly line of Ford had the mass production idea process where they operated through compatible and ordinary parts. The workers making these vehicles started moving to other companies and merged with, for instance, GM that bought Chevrolet. According to Darlington (1), during the 1920s, there were more improvements of social infrastructure, development of various practices, designs and more companies merged with other a utomobile companies, for example, Ford merged with Lincoln and Chrysler later merging with Dodge. The US government and Bureau of Public Roads also introduced a Bill that facilitated completion of various road projects and formulating of national road system policies. There was also development in manufacturing where there were improved practices leading to the accessing of and assembling satisfactory cars according to customers’ needs. The companies that manufacture automobiles, such as Ford, focused upon the production of one type of model while others, such as GM, took on product variety as a new production strategy providing various models. This strategy helped in increasing the market share of the company by about 20 percent reducing the competitors’ market share. In 1930s, the industry saw the development of several brands of vehicles from different companies. The new trend was also felt in consumer preferences where most of them distinguished the European and Am erican markets. Consumers in the US market liked comfortable and large cars while those in Europe preferred smaller and economical cars. In the same years, companies such as GM continued to use their competitive strategy of producing a variety of models and it increased its market share against Ford that was losing customers. During the World War of 1940s,

What is the best free digital content we use today Essay

What is the best free digital content we use today - Essay Example Today, something magical and enchanting has overpowered the PowerPoint and is increasingly being made use of by students and mentors. It is Prezi – the free online software. Prezi is the best free digital content we use today. Prezi enables an individual to develop beautiful multimedia presentations. Instead of limiting the user to slides like the conventional PowerPoint, Prezi provides the user with a 3d canvas which the user can zoom in and zoom out as desired. As this is done, different themes, images and ideas are unveiled. For example, one may begin the discussion with the word â€Å"Apple†, and hide all information regarding it inside the alphabet â€Å"A†. Upon zooming in â€Å"A†, the hidden information can be accessed. Prezi also enables the user to store and save the presentation online. This eliminates the chances of the report getting lost when needed. Despite the multitude of options PowerPoint provides the users with, use of it today seems ou tdated. Carefully chosen color and background combinations in PowerPoint hardly interest the audience anymore. In these circumstances, Prezi comes with new features that are of huge interest not only to the audience, but also to the presenter. Their mutual interest raises attention that is the primary requisite of a good presentation and develops an atmosphere that is conducive for both teaching and learning.

Theories of Social Inequality Essay Example for Free

Theories of Social Inequality Essay Karl Marx’s theory to explain social inequality is based on the unequal division of resources between two groups: bourgeoisie and the proletariat, or the wealthy/business owners and the laborers. According to Marx, the bourgeoisie have the monetary power to gain economical resources, as they own the businesses where the proletariat must work to gain money to survive. The bourgeoisie maintains this position by paying the proletariat just enough to provide for his or her basic needs of survival. Marx states that the bourgeoisie create the social rules, cultural values and norms, and the proletariat goes along with it. This idea is the basis for what Marx calls, â€Å"false consciousness,† which is the idea that the† system† is working and there is no reason to change it because the proletariat hopes that one day he will become the bourgeoisie; this false hope is what keeps social inequality in a perpetual cycle. Marx believed that social inequality can be resolved through the abolishment of capitalism altogether. He suggested that this could be made possible if the proletariat would stand up and revolt, and rise up against capitalism by refusing to work and sell their very valuable labor, which the bourgeoisie needs in order to survive. Marx did not see social inequality as inevitable, unlike Max Weber. The basis for Weber’s theory can be found in Karl Marx’s theory, but takes it a step further and breaks the social structure up even more. According to Max Weber’s theory behind social inequality, there are three major components that play into creating an unequal division in society: social class, status in society, and political parties. Each group directly relates to one another, although they are not all the same thing. Weber contends that social classes are divided because of certain lifestyles or opportunities that are given to a person. If a person is born into a wealthy family, he or she is automatically provided with a lifestyle that will propel him or her into success through money and/or properties, which inevitably creates an opportunity for power. This demonstrates how money and power clearly shapes classes. Classes do not always make up communities though. Communities are shaped by social status, which is one thing that Weber is clear about. Social status is defined by the opportunity for a wealthy lifestyle. The main difference between status and class is that of the value system within each of the groups. Through a lifestyle that one lives, ideals and values are developed, which creates one’s political stance. Political parties are a direct reflection of the pattern that creates class and social status. They are all intermingled: class determines social status, which shapes ideals within a political party. Weber makes a strong argument that social stratification is inevitable or â€Å"guaranteed† because lifestyles (which you are born into) create status groups and once those are established, over a period of time, the people accept them as status quo. Once a standard of life is set, it is rarely moved. Karl Marx’ theory behind social inequality is most compelling. It explains that social inequality, which is detrimental to so many, can be resolved. His theory gives hope for resolution and even offers a plan of action to do so, yet there have been little done by those who feel like they are oppressed by the unjust division of resources to rise up and change the system which oppresses them. Marx’ theory is timeless and continues to speak to those issues which are seen in today’s society.

Jazz and Culture Essay -- American History Music Cultural Essays

Jazz and Culture Never is the inadequacy of language more apparent than when trying to discuss or describe music. There is a colloquial axiom that suggests that talking about music is like dancing about literature. What words are sufficient to explain your favorite album to a person who cannot hear? There are none. James Baldwin, in his story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† does as well as anyone can: â€Å"Creole began to tell us what the blues were all about. They were not about anything very new. He and his boys up there were keeping it new, at the risk of ruin, destruction, madness, and death, in order to find new ways to make us listen. For, while the tale of how we suffer, and how we are delighted, and how we may triumph is never new, it always must be heard.† I will do my best to talk to you today about jazz. In the 1890s, New Orleans’ black population was divided along Canal Street. On one side were the Creoles, French or Spanish speaking free blacks who were generally well educated and had achieved upper class status in their community. Creoles developed a musical tradition based on the European model and, according to Len Weinstock, â€Å"prided themselves on their formal knowledge of European music, precise technique and soft delicate tone and had all of the social and cultural values that characterize the upper class† (redhotjazz.com). Across Canal Street, newly freed blacks, mostly poor and uneducated, were developing their own music; these musicians were â€Å"schooled in the blues, Gospel music, and work songs that they sang or played mostly by ear† (Weinstock). In 1894, a segregation law forced the Creole blacks across Canal Street and the musical styles were forced into contact. So, while music that... ...l as a result of the attention this country’s jazz musicians received abroad. â€Å"Jazz,† Levine writes, â€Å"was an expression of that other side of ourselves that strove to recognize the positive aspects of our newness and our heterogeneity; that learned to be comfortable with the fact that a significant part of our heritage derived from Africa and other non-European source; and that recognized in the various syncretized cultures that became so characteristic of the United States, not an embarrassing weakness but a dynamic source of strength† (Levine, 8). Works Cited: Jones, LeRoi. Blues People. New York: Harper Collins, 2002 Levine, Lawrence W. â€Å"Jazz and American Culture,† Journal of American Folklore, v. 102 n. 403, Jan. – Mar. 1989 Weinstock, Len. â€Å"The Origins of Jazz,† located at: http://redhotjazz.com/originsarticle.html

An Introduction to the Im Profession and Ethics Paper

De La Salle University – Manila An Introduction to the IM Profession and Ethics Paper Presented to The Faculty of the College of Computer Studies De La University – Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science of Information Systems By: Changcoco, Amos Dimla, Ysabel Nicole Ramchand, Pavan Tanchuling, Bianca Denise Tibayan, Jan Michael 1. 0 COMPUTER AND INTERNET CRIME 1. 1 Types of Exploits 1. 1. 1Virus It is a malicious code that is attached to a file or executable program that can hack the files of the victim’s computer and reformat, delete or modify the files.The virus is executed only when the file that contains the virus is opened or if the program with the virus is executed as well. It leaves infections as it travels from one computer to another. The spread of the virus relies on the users whenever users would use removable media devices, download or through e-mails. An example of a computer virus would be the Pikac hu virus which was the first computer virus directed to children. It was said that the virus started on June 28, 2000 from Asia or the Pacific Ocean region.The virus was an email titled, â€Å"Pikachu Pokemon† with the message, â€Å"Pikachu is your friend. † The email contained the image of the cartoon character, ‘Pikachu’ from the TV series Pokemon, with the message, â€Å"Between millions of people around the world I found you. Don’t forget to remember this day every time MY FRIEND. † The Pikachu virus infected only a few companies in the United States through Microsoft Outlook email attachments or through Microsoft’s Internet Explorer browser.The reason why only a few companies were harmed and why the virus was not as viral is that the virus was not coded properly and would ask the user if the virus can delete the files in the user. 1. 1. 2Worm A worm is a malicious code that is used for bringing down the computer system. A worm do es not infect files, however, it monopolies the computer’s CPU and operating system and is capable of deleting data and programs. It infects a computer by finding vulnerability in an application or operating system. A worm is self-replicating and uses a network to replicate itself to other computer.It does not rely on human interaction for spreading to other computers. An example would be the Morris Worm or also known as the Great Worm. Created by a Cornell University student named Robert Tappan Morris in the year 1968, the Morris Worm consisted of 99 lines of code. Robert Morris wanted to know how big the Internet was and made the worm to find the answer. It is noted that the creator did not have malicious intent in making this worm; however, the worm infected immense amounts of stability problems that made many systems unusable.The damage was over 6,000 infected UNIX machines which cost between $10,000,000 and $100,000,000. This example is an ethical dilemma because the cre ator did not have evil intentions in making the worm but did have bad effects on most people in America. This dilemma would be ethical based on the psychological egoism theory because Robert Morris acted on his selfish motive whether he should or not, which made him moral. Based on the hedonism theory, it was ethical of Morris because he was only doing his duty without knowing that his actions would bring upon negative effects. 1. 1. 3Trojan HorseNamed after the Trojan horse from Troy which was used to infiltrate the enemy’s territory through a disguise, the Trojan horse is disguised as something else (such as a program or file) but is actually a malicious code or may contain malicious code. Similar to viruses, a Trojan horse is executed when the file with the virus is opened or the program with the malicious code is executed also. A Trojan horse can do from light damages such as changing the desktop and the like, to threatening damage, such as deleting files, stealing data, or activating and spreading other malware, to the victim’s software.Trojan horses are also used to create a ‘back door’ in the operating system so that the hackers can access the system. However, the Trojan horse cannot duplicate itself nor it can self-replicate. It would need the user to spread to other computers. An example of a Trojan horse would be from the pirated version of Apple’s suite of software, iWork. iServices was the Trojan horse part of the pirated version of iWork, which would signal the hackers that the Mac is infected and the hacker has access to the system.This is an ethical dilemma because the people who buy pirated software such as the iWork do not know that there is a Trojan horse in the software. It was unethical of the sellers to place a Trojan horse in the software without the consent of their customers’ because deontology theory states that it was not the duty of the vendors to hack into the systems of their customers in th e first place. Another reason why it was unethical because of the theory of altruism because the interest of others was not thought about since many people will suffer due to the actions of the vendors.This is another reason why it is unethical, because of the utilitarianism, which is consequences-based. Lastly, the social contract theory states that the actions of the vendors were unethical because it is against the law to hack and infiltrate private property. Logic bomb is a type of Trojan horse that is triggered only by a series of specific events such as a specific sequence of keystrokes or a change in a file. 1. 1. 4Botnets A botnet is a network of infected computers that are controlled by bots.Named after the word ‘robot’, a bot is a type of malware that allows an attacker to take control of an affected computer. Criminal can take over the controlled computer such as sending out spam, spread viruses, attack computer and can even cause crime and fraud, without the owner knowing it. Bots are also called computer zombie because the computer has no control over its actions since hackers are in charge of its actions. 1. 1. 5Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attacks (DDoS Attacks) A Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack is when a malicious hacker controls computers through the Internet.It is an attempt in preventing the computer owner to use network resource or machine. It is composed of one or more people trying to disenable a certain host from being connected to the Internet. 1. 1. 6Rootkits The name rootkit comes from the two words ‘root’, which pertains to the point it attacks, which would be the administrator or the source or the root, and ‘kit’ because of the set of programs. A rootkit is a set of programs that enables its user to gain administrator level access to a computer without the user’s consent or knowledge.The owner of the rootkit is capable of executing files and changing system configurations on the tar get machine, as well as accessing log files or monitoring activity to covertly spy on the user's computer usage. It is hard to detect if a computer system has a rootkit malware. 1. 1. 7Spam E-mail spam is when e-mail systems send unsolicited e-mail to large numbers of people. Spam mostly comes off as cheap advertisements of strange products such as pornography, ‘get-rich-quick’ schemes and the like. Spam can also be used to deliver harmful worms or other malware. . 1. 8Phishing Phishing is an attempt to steal personal identity data by tricking users into entering information on a counterfeit Web site. 1. 2Types of Perpetrators 1. 2. 1Hackers and Crackers Hackers are people who test the limits of the system, find the â€Å"holes†, and check which data they could access. The knowledge that they get is actually obtainable in various media, usually the internet. They are not usually considered bad; but due to many of them who used such knowledge to cause harm to syst ems, the term became negative.A more appropriate term for these kinds of people is actually called crackers. 1. 2. 2 Malicious Insiders Malicious insiders are people who obtain goods, services, or property through deception or trickery, also known as fraud. In other words they lie to gain. 1. 2. 3 Industrial Spies Industrial spies are people who illegally obtain information from competitors for the benefit of their sponsor. The act is called industrial espionage and the opposite which is to obtain information legally is called competitive intelligence.In 1993, Opel accused the rival Volkswagen of industrial espionage after the former’s chief of production and seven executives moved to the latter company due to missing documents. (Julian, 2011) 1. 2. 4 Cybercriminals These perpetrators hack to the company’s system and will do anything with the information just to gain money. One of the most famous hackers of the world is Albert Gonzalez, who used hacking to steal and re sell millions of card and ATM numbers in a span of three years. He did this by attacking many systems which would eventually give him the information needed to steal the card numbers. Verini, 2010) Albert Gonzalez is in ethical dilemma because he used his skills to steal the information for money. Based on the deontological theory, it’s unethical because it is not the duty of hackers to steal information. Based on hedonism under the utilitarian theory, it is ethical because he found pleasure from the act. Social contract theory, however, makes this act unethical, and so does virtue theory. 1. 2. 5 Hacktivists and Cyberterrorists Hacktivists, combining the words â€Å"hacking† and â€Å"activist†, are people who hack to promote political ideology.Cyberterrorists attack to get the attention of the government as part of their political objectives. Anonymous is one of the most famous hacktivist groups due to their appearance on various media in which members appear wearing the Guy Fawkes mask. Their advocacy is to oppose the Internet censorship and surveillance, government corruption and homophobia. This is why they attacked several government sites. (Katich, 2013) The ethical dilemma the group faces is that they use hacking skills to infiltrate the systems yet they belong to the side of the people as their objective is to make the government hear their voice.This is ethical based on deontology because it is their duty to make the government listen to them their voice. This is also ethical based on the altruistic approach as more will benefit from their act. However, social contract theory states that it is unethical since this act has violated the law. 1. 3Laws for Prosecuting Computer Attacks 1. 3. 1Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (RA 8792) 1. 3. 1. 1E-Commerce in Society The process of buying and selling goods electronically by consumers and from company to company through computerized business transactions.This act has the purpose of prote cting those who pursue business in electronic means through multiple communication networks through the Internet. 1. 3. 1. 2 Elements in the Law Electronic data messages – these are generally the information that is in every transaction of the business. Electronic document – these are the type of information specified with text, symbols, or other modes of written expression yet similar in nature with the electronic data messages. Electronic Signature – these are any distinctive marks that approve a transaction which are done by a person or an entity using electronic means. . 3. 1. 3Relation to other Laws Such laws that are affected with this are the Intellectual Property Rights, Copyrights Protection. These laws give protection to the parties involved in any business activities through electronic means. Fraud is also related as the government can charge you when you make accept payment illegally by disguising your site as a reliable option for payment. 1. 3. 1. 4 CASE in E-Commerce Censorship is very an essential tool to distinguish the moralities of websites and the cooperation of companies to acknowledge said moralities.In China, Google's operations created a storm of criticism when the company agreed to comply with the government's wishes and censor pro-democracy and other websites. In 2010, Google relocated its Chinese operations to Hong Kong, putting it outside China's censorship regime. Supporters of the decision say Google shouldn't cooperate with China's repressive policies, while critics say Google's withdrawal cut off millions of Chinese citizens from the company's services and weakens its presence in one of the world's largest markets. This case has very evident ethical issues including the move of Google to relocate its operations to Hong Kong.This made the jurisdiction of China’s censorship policy not reachable so that they can use their assets more freely. These however made the citizens of China that is inside the jur isdiction of the censorship policy long for their beneficial search engine. If seen in Google’s benefits this is a rather good trade for them to maximize the use of their services in a commercial area such as Hong Kong yet they could’ve served the citizens so they can keep up their reputation of improving life in the world and be consistent of the famous line â€Å"Don’t be evil†.I generally disagree with their decision to relocate as they could’ve followed the updated utilitarianism and give their services to those who would need them the most. Still they acted the ethical egoism to censor pro – democracy sites which are morally good to their perspective. 1. 3. 1. 5Another Example Including Google Google gathers incredible amounts of data on people who use its search engine. As of 2011, the company's website states that although it stores records of your searches as a tool to improve corporate efficiency, it renders them anonymous after nin e months and deletes cookies used to track visitors after two years.Governments could use Google's information to investigate individuals visiting particular websites, however, and Google Earth's photo collection also has raised privacy questions: In 2008, a couple sued on the grounds the online photos of their home violated their privacy, but a judge threw out the lawsuit the next year. This case is provides insight to how Google can be of every use to our society as they can help the government catch fugitives, suspects and criminals with their records of the searches of the every person using their search engines yet this leaves them to violate certain privacy issues when they abuse that kind of power.The lawsuit of the couple may be dismissed by a judge but their lawsuit are supported by ethical theories namely the rights – based theories which states that there are social contracts that should be acknowledged and that includes their right for privacy. They may be legal t o store records such as the photo from their Google Earth but they should have to limit their power to exercise their duty as they are also supported by the duty – based theories due to their daily or continual task of improving corporate efficiency as well as giving us access to unlimited knowledge. 1. 3. 2 Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (RA 10175) 1. . 3. 1 Preliminary Provisions 1. 3. 3. 2. 1. 1 Brief History of RA 10175 Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 or also known as Republic Act No. 10175 was approved on September 12, 2012. This is first law in the Philippines which specifically criminalizes computer-related crimes. The Cybercrime Prevention Act in its current form is the product of House Bill No. 5808, authored by Representative Susan Tap-Sulit of the second district of Tarlac and 36 other co-authors. The final version of the Act was later signed into law by President Benigno Aquino III on September 12, 2012. 1. 3. 2. 1. 1 Declaration of PolicyThe main objective o f this Act is to protect the people from cybercrimes and also from the harmful effects associated with it. The state also aims to recognize the vital roles of information and communications industries in the country. The state also recognizes the need to protect and safeguard the citizens of the state, and also to protect the integrity of computers and its users. The state also wants to recognize the importance of providing an environment conducive to the development acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of information and communications technology. . 3. 3. 2. 1 General Provisions 1. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 1 Punishable Acts In this Act, there are 10 punishable acts indicated in the bill, and those punishable acts each have penalties that are associated. In the next sentences, the punishable acts will be discussed briefly. Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data and systems: A. Illegal Access – accessing a computer or a part of a computer without any right B.Illegal Interception – the interception made by the use of any technical device without any right of non-public transmission of datum to or from any computer system including electromagnetic emissions from a computer system carrying such data C. Data Interference – the intentional or any reckless alteration, damaging, deletion or deterioration of computer data, electronic document, or electronic data message, without any right including the transmission or transferring viruses into a system. One example is the ILOVEYOU message transmitted through electronic mail way back in the year 2000.D. System Interference – the intentional or any reckless hindering or interference with a functioning computer system, or a computer network by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering, or supressing computer data or computer program without any right or authority in doing so. E. Misuse of Devices – the use of any material without any right of it. Acts like producing, manufacturing, selling, and distribution. F. Cyber-squatting – the simplest way is identity theft, using another individual’s identity to gain profit or scam other people in the internet.G. Computer-related Forgery – the illegal use of a computer into copying one’s work, and gaining illegal access to a computer to copy the content of a system or database. H. Computer-related Fraud – the unauthorized input, alteration, or deletion of computer data or program or interference in the functioning of a computer system. I. Computer-related Identity Theft – the intentional acquisition, use, transfer, or possession of any identifying information belonging to another person, whether natural of juridical. Under these are Cybersex and Child Pornography. J.Libel –    defined as a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any acts, omission , condition, status or circumstance tending to discredit or cause the dishonour or contempt of a natural or juridical person committed through a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in the future. The above stated are the punishable acts by the law enforced and written in the bill, and these acts have corresponding penalties if have been proven to the court. The penalties include: imprisonment or a fine of at least two hundred thousand pesos (Php. 00,000. 00) up to a maximum amount commensurate to the damage incurred or both. Prison mayor is equivalent to imprisonment from 6 years and one day to twelve years. 1. 3. 3 Ethical/ Moral Dilemmas 1. 3. 4. 2 Situation A 16-year old male named â€Å"Josh Evans† was registered on the account used for bullying messages to a girl named Megan Mier. Lori Drew, the mother of Sarah, a former friend Mier, later admitted creating the MySpace account. She was aided by Sarah and Ashley Grills, an 18-year-old employee of the elder Drew.The senior Drew and several others ran the fake account, with an aim to get information about Megan and use that information against her and also for her to be humiliated. This caused spreading gossips about Megan, and thus creating a traumatic experience not only for her but also to her family. 1. 3. 4. 3 Analysing using the Four Major Ethical Theories A. Duty-based Theory According to the Duty-based theory, an act is considered ethical if it has good intentions. Given the situation, I can clearly state that it is not an ethical thing to do. Creating or spreading false rumours is not even close to be called as a good intention.Also, gathering information about a certain person is not ethical if it will be used against or be held against to a person. Using the Duty-Based Theory, I can clearly state that the situation of gathering information of Megan is not ethical because it does not serve a good intention. B. Utilitarianism According to the Utilitarianism Theory an act is only to be considered ethical if it produces desirable consequences or outcomes. The outcome of the situation stated earlier is that the experience Megan was traumatic not only for herself, but it also affected her family.Just by looking at this outcome, we can say that it is not also considered ethical in this theory, because of the outcomes that the actions of the group had caused not only their target but also the relationship of other people to Megan. C. Social Contract Theory According to the social contract theory an act is considered ethical if the act does not violate any rules or laws; according to the Civil Code of the Philippines: Persons and Family Relations, under Chapter 2 which is Human Relations the Articles 19, 20 and 21 discusses the different rights a person possesses and how a person should exercise his or her rights.Chapter 2 Article 19 presents the basic principles that are to be observed for the rightful relationship between human beings and the stab ility of the social order. Chapter 2 Article 20 presents that you are liable for any damage that you have caused to another person, whether wilfully or negligently. Chapter 2 Article 26 presents that right must never abused, the moment that it is abused, the moment rights are abused they ceased to right. D. Virtue According to the Virtue theory, the action that is considered to be ethical is when the action is came from a good moral principle.Looking to the situation, it is not an ethical thing to do because it does only harm the person involved but also the moral principles of the suspect is to be questioned. 1. 3 Trustworthy Computing 1. 4. 1 Microsoft’s 4 Pillars of trustworthy Computing The 4 Pillars of trustworthy computing help identify the key elements in computing especially in an organization with numerous employees to manage. Guidance is a key to help implement a good and stable system such as how the pillars guide not just Microsoft employees but users alike. 1. 4. . 1 Security Creation of a trust worthy environment for a safe computing environment 1. 4. 2. 2 Privacy The protection and confidentiality of design, development and testing in any organization is essential as to be part of the competitive market today. 1. 4. 2. 3 Reliability Working as expected or promised by the developers and their entity 1. 4. 2. 4 Business Integrity Being responsible and transparent in you duties and expectation as part of a work force that strives to be excellent a mistake is bound to happen.Admitting a mistake is the 1st step to a growing process of learning new things to come. 1. 4. 2 Risk Assessment It is the process of assessing security related risks to an organization’s computers and networks from both internal and external (Reynolds, 2011) A risk assessment is a process to identify potential hazards and analyse what could happen if a hazard occurs. (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2013) The assessment would assure the IT security team that they will be ready when an attack comes because of the determined risk assessment they perform. 1. 4. 1 General Security Risk Assessment ProcessStep 1: Identify IT assets and prioritize ones that are of most importance Step 2: Identify the threats/risks that could occur Step 3: Assess the likelihood of threats Step 4: Determine the impact of each threat, how large to small is the impact if affected Step 5: Determine how each threat can be prevented/blocked Step 6: Which is the most effective prevention method Step 7: Perform cost benefit analysis before taking any action Step 8: Make the decision to implement or not to implement the decided risk prevention found through thorough research and development 1. 4. 3 Establishing a security policyDefines an organization’s security requirements, as well as controls and sanctions needed to meet those requirements. (Reynolds, 2011) A good security policy can possibly improve and provide a smooth flow of operations within an organizati on. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) is a non-regulatory federal agency within the US department of commerce. The computer security division creates security standards for organizations to implement in their own system. 1. 4. 4 Educating the Employees, Contractor and Part-Time Workers Surveys show that most security problems come from negligence and unawareness of the security policies.Teaching good security practices like not giving out your passwords, making sure you do not meddle in different departments. Knowing the Dos and DONTs of everyday computing will help guide any workplace and direct them to the good ways of being a good user. 1. 4. 5 Threat Prevention The key to a threat prevention system are layers of security systems that challenge the perpetrator to hack into the system. Firewall – stands guard between an organization’s internal network and the internet Intrusion Prevention Systems – prevents an attack by blocking viruses, ma lformed packets and other threats from getting into a protected network.Antivirus software – should be installed on each user’s personal computer to scan a computer’s disk drives and memory regularly for viruses. User accounts that remain active after employees leave cause an uncertain threat to the company, IT staff must promptly delete and make sure to wipe out all the privileges of the former employee. The US-CERT (United States Computer Emergency Network Team) and SANS(SysAdmin, Audit, Network,System) Institute – regularly update a summary of the most frequent and high impact threats to a computer system specifically viruses and worms. . 4. 6 Security Audit An important prevention tool that evaluates whether an organization has a good security policy and if it is being followed. An example would be a requirement to change passwords every week or month with this in place a security for companies are much more protected compared to others without this r equirement. Basically to test, check and review the system’s security and look for loop holes and easy targets. 1. 4. 7 Detection The preventive measures made for a computer system is not always enough to protect important data.Intrusion detection system – is a software/hardware that monitors system and network resources, notifies a system admin when an intrusion occurs Knowledge based intrusion system – contains information about attacks and system vulnerabilities, then trigger an alarm (ex. Repeated login, repeated data events) Behaviour based intrusion system – compares users system behaviour with an admin created model that detects when a user is not following the required model, this would trigger an alarm. (Example: Unusual activity with an account in the HR department accessing the IT department’s data. 1. 4. 8 ResponseAn organization should be prepared for the worst, like a system attack that stops all operations and steals data from the co mpany. The top priority during an attack is not to catch the perpetrator but to regain control and save what is left. Who needs to be informed? And who not to notify? Reputation and credibility is at stake in any security breach. A company should document all details of a security breach and be able to review it after to assess and further study. Eradication of the damaged/breached information is essential but before everything a log is required to keep track 1. . 9 Ethical Moral Dilemmas You are a member of a large IT security support group of a large manufacturing company. You have been awakened late at night and informed that someone has defaced your organization’s website and also attempted to gain access to computer files containing a new product under development. What are your next steps? How much time would you spend tracking down the hacker? -Deontological 1. 5 References * (1999, 10). Electronic Commerce. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 10, 1999, from http://www. studymod e. com/essays/Electronic-Commerce-731. tml * THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ACT (R. A. 8792) AN OVERVIEW OF IT? S (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) IMPACT ON THE PHILIPPINE LEGAL SYSTEM(2005 006). ‘www. ustlawreview. com/pdf/vol. L/Articles/The_Electronic_Commerce_Act_RA_8792. pdf * What Is the Difference: Viruses, Worms, Trojans, and Bots? – Cisco Systems. (n. d. ). Cisco Systems, Inc. Retrieved from http://www. cisco. com/web/about/security/intelligence/virus-worm-diffs. html * What Is A Rootkit? (n. d. ). Internet / Network Security – Tips, Advice and Tutorials About Internet Security and Network Security.Retrieved from http://netsecurity. about. com/od/frequentlyaskedquestions/f/faq_rootkit. htm * Julian. (2011). 10 Most Notorious Acts of Corporate Espionage. Retrieved from http://www. businesspundit. com/10-most-notorious-acts-of-corporate-espionage/ * Katich, A. (2013). Anonymous (Annie Katich). Retrieved from http://socialactive. wordpress. com/2013/02/25/anonymous-annie- katich/ * Verini, J. (2010). The Great Cyberheist. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2010/11/14/magazine/14Hacker-t. html/

The Benefits of Immigrants in the United States - 580 Words

In the article by Hansen it looks at how it is not right for the U.S. to try to keep all of these people out and that they could help fill the jobs that no one wants but there are groups out there that will try to keep them out. The article looks at how there is a more humane option for the government to look at that would allow guest workers to remain in the country temporarily. This could eventually allow them a way to get citizenship if they want to stay in the country. This view provides at little recognition for those people who believe that it could mess up America’s culture. This is a more humane route and it is morally right. It also represents an effort for a good solution to the externalities of the open borders that people believe in, as opposed to the people who believes in a closed border type of plan. In the article titled â€Å"An Exchange: The Morality of Immigration† argues that it is wrong to constrain immigrants but at the same time they try to under stand the constraints that justice imposes on immigration policy. There is also that factor that not a lot of people look at the fact that earth does not belong to one person but it belongs to everyone. One of the authors goes on to look at the population density statistics that could provide evidence that the United States is not using up all of their resources and that everything is under control. This should make people believe that there is nothing wrong with illegal immigration. It is the right thing toShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Immigrants in the United States Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesRecently the United States has experienced a large number of immigrants coming over to the country within the 2000s. In recent studies, there are about 11.5 million undocumented immigrants in the United States. 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